

Technological change and the calamity of 9/11 yielded new tools for mass surveillance and the incentive to use them. spy, limiting their dragnet to specific persons of interest.

Snowden, of course, is the former intelligence contractor who, in 2013, leaked documents about the United States government’s surveillance programs, dispelling any notions that the National Security Agency and its allies were playing a quaint game of spy vs. As Edward Snowden puts it in the preface of “Permanent Record”: “The decision to come forward with evidence of government wrongdoing was easier for me to make than the decision, here, to give an account of my life.”

Revealing state secrets is hard, but revealing yourself in a memoir might be harder.
